{"id":104,"date":"2023-02-26T13:11:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T13:11:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/?page_id=104"},"modified":"2023-02-26T13:11:16","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T13:11:16","slug":"jamal-al-din-al-afghani-selected-bibliography","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/jamal-al-din-al-afghani-selected-bibliography\/","title":{"rendered":"Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani : Selected Bibliography"},"content":{"rendered":"

Writings of Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/h3>\n

Books and collections of articles:<\/strong>
\nh\u0323aqi\u0304qat-I Mazhab-i Nicari va Bayan-i Hal-i Nicaryan, (Perssian)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

First edition \u2013 Hyderabad, 1298\/1881; Later editions \u2013 Bombay,
\nMuh\u0323arram, 1298\/1881; Bombay, z\u0332i\u0304qa\u2018dah, 1298\/1881; Tehran, 1303 Soalr\/1924-25. In Murtaz\u0324a\u0304 Mudarrisi Caha\u0304rdihi, a\u0304ra\u0304 wa Mu\u2018taqada\u0304t-i Sayyid Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni, Tehran, 1337\/1958-59.<\/p>\n

Translations:<\/h3>\n

Arabic<\/strong>
\nShaik\u0332h\u0332 Muh\u0323ammad \u2018Abduh, Risa\u0304lah fi Ibt\u0324a\u0304l Maz\u0332hab al-Dahri\u0304yi\u0304n va Baya\u0304n Mafa\u0304sidihim v I_sba\u0304t anna al-Di\u0304n Asa\u0304s al-Madani\u0304yah v\u2018l-Kufr Fasa\u0304d al-\u2018Umra\u0304n<\/em>, Beirut, 1303\/1885-86.
\n—–Al-Radd \u2018ala al-Dahri\u0304y~i\u0304n, another edition of the above with a preface by \u2018U_sma\u0304n Ami\u0304n, 2nd edition, Cairo, 1955.<\/p>\n

English<\/strong>
\nIn Nikki R. Keddie, An Islamic Response to Imperialism: Political and Religious Writings of Sayyid Jama\u0304l ad-Di\u0304n \u201cal-Afgha\u0304ni\u201d<\/em>, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968.<\/p>\n

French<\/strong>
\nA.M. Goichon, Refutation des Materialistes<\/em>, Paris, 1942<\/p>\n

Turkish<\/strong>
\n\u2018Aziz Akpinarli, Tabiatci\u2018ligi Red<\/em>, Ankara, 1956. An earlier unpublished translation was made by Munir Effendi of Damascus and was seen and approved by Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni. Cf. Orient, vol. 12, Leiden, 1959, pp. 201-2.<\/p>\n

Urdu<\/strong>
\nRadd-i Ni\u0304cari\u0304yat<\/em>, Lahore, n.d.
\nMaqa\u0304la\u0304t-i Jama\u0304li\u0304yah<\/em>, (Persian). First edition \u2013 compiled by \u2018Abd al-g\u0332h\u0332af~ur Shahba\u0304z al-Biha\u0304ri, Calcutta, 1884, with the permission of Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni. A collection of Persian
\narticles written during his Indian visit and published in Indian journals,
\nespecially Mu\u2018allim-i Shafi\u0304q (Hyderabad). Later edition \u2013 compiled by Mirza\u0304 Lut\u0324fullah k\u0332h\u0332a\u0304n Asada\u0304ba\u0304di and edited by Mirza\u0304 s\u0323ifa\u0304tulla\u0304h Kha\u0304n Jama\u0304li, Tehran, 1312 Solar\/1933-34.Contains additional articles besides those included in the above edition.<\/p>\n

Urdu translation of the Tehran edition: <\/strong>
\nSayyid Muba\u0304rizuddi\u0304n Rif\u2018at, Maqa\u0304la\u0304t-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Hyderabad, 1944. It wrongly ascribes certain couplets to Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni (pp. 260-67). Their author is Mirza\u0304 a\u0304qa\u0304 k\u0332h\u0332a\u0304n Kirma\u0304ni, the well-known Iranian nationalist. Cf. TBI, pp. 140ff.<\/p>\n

Al-\u2018Urvah al-Vus\u0323qa\u0304, la\u2018nfis\u0323a\u0304m laha\u0304: Le Lien Indissoluble, Paris. co -editted with Muh\u0323ammad \u2018Abduh.\u00a0<\/em>First issue appeared on 15th Juma\u0304da\u0304 1301 A.H.\/13th March, 1884, and the last issue on 26th z\u0332u\u2018l-h\u0323ijj, 1301 A.H.\/17th October, 1884. In all, eighteen issues were published. Published in one volume: 1st edition, Beirut, 1328 A.H.\/1920. Contains brief life-sketches of Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni and \u2018Abduh by Mus\u0323t\u0324afa\u0304 \u2018Abd al-Ra\u0304ziq. Later, published several times. Latest edition, Cairo, 1958. Reproduced in Ta\u2018ri\u0304kh, ii, pp. 215 et seq.<\/p>\n

Urdu translations of selected articles:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sayyid Muba\u0304rizuddi\u0304n Rif\u2018at, Maqa\u0304la\u0304t-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afgha\u0304ni<\/em>, 1st edition, Hyderabad, 1946; 2nd edition, Karachi, 1952.<\/p>\n

Muh\u0323ammad \u2018Abd al-Qudd~us Qa\u0304simi, Maz\u0324a\u0304mi\u0304n-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Lahore, n.d.<\/p>\n

Tatimmah al-Baya\u0304n fi Ta\u2018ri\u0304k\u0332h\u0332 al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304n<\/em>, edited and published by \u2018Ali Yusuf al-Kiridli, Cairo, 1901.<\/p>\n

Urdu translation:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mah\u0323m~ud \u2018Ali k\u0332h\u0332a\u0304n, Ta\u2018ri\u0304kh-i Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304nista\u0304n<\/em>, Lahore, circa 1342 A. H.\/1923. Introduction contains certain important information about Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni\u2019s life.<\/p>\n

Al-Vah\u0323dat al-Isla\u0304mi\u0304yah<\/em>, Cairo, 1352\/1933. Reproduced from al-\u2018Urvah.<\/p>\n

Al-Qaz\u0324a\u0304 v\u2019l Qadar<\/em>, Egypt, n.d. Reroduced from al-\u2018Urvah.<\/p>\n

Iraj Afsha\u0304r and As\u0323ghar Mahdavi, Documents inedits concernant Seyyed Jama\u0304l-al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em> (Majm~u\u2018eh-yi asna\u0304d va mada\u0304rik-i-cha\u0304p nashudeh dar ba\u0304reh-yi Sayyid Jama\u0304l ad-Di\u0304n mashh~ur bi Afgha\u0304ni), Tehran, 1963. Contains a catalogue of Afg\u0332h\u0332a~ni\u2019s personal papers, left by him in Tehran in 1891.<\/p>\n

Muh\u0323ammad Ikra\u0304m Cagh<\/span>ta\u0304i\u0304, (Compiled), Majmu\u2019ah Sayyid Jama\u0304l al-Din Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Lahore, 2006. Contains Urdu translations of select Persian and Arabic articles, Ta\u0304ri\u0304k\u0332h\u0332-i Afg\u0332h\u0332~nistan and h\u0323aqiqat-i Maz\u0332hab-i Nicariya\u0304n, besides some articles written on Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni.<\/p>\n

Articles published in journals<\/h3>\n

Arabic<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAl-h\u0323uk~umah al-Istibda\u0304di\u0304yah<\/em>,\u201d Mis\u0323r, 11, 33, Feb. 15, 1879; re-printed in a\u0304l-Mana\u0304r, Cairo, 111, Rajab 11, 1318\/Nov. 4, 1900pp. 577-582, Rajab 21, 1318\/Nov. 14, 1900, pp. 601-607. Eng. Tr.<\/p>\n

L.M. Kenny, \u201cAl-Afgha\u0304ni on Types of Despotic Governmen<\/em>t,\u201d Journal of the American Oriental Society, 86, 1, 1966.<\/p>\n

\u201cAl-Sharq v\u2018l-Shari\u0304qiyi\u0304n<\/em>\u201d, Abu Nazzara Zarqa\u0304, Paris, VII, Feb. 2, 1883. Urdu tr. a\u0304_sa\u0304r, pp. 193-205.<\/p>\n

\u201cFalsafah al-Tarbi\u0304yah<\/em>,\u201d and \u201cFalsafah al-s\u0323ana\u0304\u2018a,<\/em>\u201d Mis\u0323r, Alexandria, Juma\u0304da\u0304 5, 1296\/April 25, 1879; reproduced in Ta\u2018ri\u0304kh, ii, pp. 1-14.<\/p>\n

\u201cAl-Siya\u0304sah al-Injli\u0304zi\u0304yah fi al-Mama\u0304lik al-Sharqi\u0304yah<\/em>,\u201d and \u201cAsba\u0304b al-h\u0323arb bi Mis\u0323r,\u201dal-Mana\u0304r, XXV, March 25, 1925, pp. 756-760. Reprinted from Tatimmah.<\/p>\n

\u201cAl-\u2018Illah al-h\u0323aqi\u0304qi\u0304yah li Sa\u2018a\u0304dah al-Insa\u0304n<\/em>,\u201d Mis\u0323r, 11, 20, Nov. 15, 1878. Reprinted in al-Mana\u0304r, XXIII, Jan. 28, 1922, pp. 37-45.<\/p>\n

\u201cBa\u0304b,<\/em>\u201d in But\u0324rus al-Busta\u0304ni, Da\u0304\u2018irah al-Ma\u2018a\u0304rif, Beirut, 1881.<\/p>\n

English<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAn Afghan on the English<\/em>,\u201d The Bee\/al-Nah\u0323la, London, Dec. 15, 1878.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Reign of Terror in Persia<\/em>,\u201d Contemporary Review, Feb., 1892.<\/p>\n

French<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cResponse a\u0304 Renan<\/em>\u201d: A letter originally written in Arabic, the text not available. French translation, Journal des Debats, May 18, 1883. Reprinted in A.M. Goichon, op. cit. Important passages translated in English, Muhammad Hamidullah, Islamic Review, London, May-June, 1958, pp. 33 et seq; Biography, pp. 189-195. A summary in Arabic, Zu\u2018ama\u0304, pp. 89-93.<\/p>\n

\u201cLettre Sur l\u2018Hindoustan<\/em>\u201d, l\u2018Intransigeant, Paris, April 24, 1883. Reprinted in Elie Kedourie, Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni and \u2018Abduh: An Essay on Religious Unbelief and Political Activism in Modern Islam, London, 1966.<\/p>\n

\u201cLe Mahdi,<\/em>\u201d L\u2018Intransigeant, Paris, Dec. 8, 11, 17, 1883. Reprinted in Elie Kedourie, op. cit.<\/p>\n

\u201cPages peu connues de Djamal ad-Din al-Afghani<\/em>\u201d, tr. Mehdi Hendessi, Orient, 6, 1958.<\/p>\n

\u201cPages Choisies de Djamal ad-Din al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni,<\/em>\u201d tr. M. Colombe, Orient, 21-24, 1962; 25, 1963.<\/p>\n

\u201cLes Anglais en Egypte<\/em>,\u201d La Justice, Paris, March 27, 1883.<\/p>\n

CONTEMPORARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Arabic<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Abd al-Fatta\u0304h\u0323, Muh\u0323ammad h\u0323asan, Ashhar Masha\u0304hi\u0304r Udaba\u0304\u2018 al-Sharq<\/em>, Vol. II, Egypt, 1303 A.H..<\/p>\n

\u2018Abduh, Muh\u0323ammad, Foreword to the Arabic translation of Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni\u2019s Persian treatise on the refutation of materialists<\/em>, Cairo, n.d.<\/p>\n

Adi\u0304b Ish\u0323a\u0304q, al-Durar<\/em>, Beirut, 1909<\/p>\n

a\u0304gha\u0304 Buzurg al-Tehra\u0304ny, t\u0324abaqa\u0304t A\u2018la\u0304m al-Shi\u0304\u2018ah<\/em>, Najaf, 1373A.H..\/ 1954 A.D..<\/p>\n

Ah\u0323mad Ami\u0304n, Zu\u2018ama\u0304\u2018 al-Is\u0323la\u0304|h\u0323 fi \u2018As\u0323r al-h\u0323adi\u0304_s<\/em>, Cairo, 1947.<\/p>\n

\u2018Anhori, Sali\u0304m Effendi, Sehr Ha\u0304r~ut<\/em>, Damascus, 1303 A.H..\/ 1885 A.D..<\/p>\n

As\u0323ma\u2018i, a\u0304s\u0323a\u0304r Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Egypt, 1901.<\/p>\n

Fari\u0304d Wajdi, Da\u0304\u2018irah al-Ma\u2018a\u0304rif al-Isla\u0304mi\u0304yah<\/em>, vol. 7., No. 3, Cairo 1906.<\/p>\n

Madk~ur, \u2018Abd al-Sala\u0304m, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni, Ba\u0304\u2018is\u0323 al-Nuhz\u0324adah al-Fikri\u0304yah fi\u2018l-Sharq<\/em>, Cairo, 1937.<\/p>\n

Mah\u0323m~ud Qa\u0304sim, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni, h\u0323aya\u0304tuhu va Falsaftuhu<\/em>, Egypt, n.d.<\/p>\n

Al-Mag\u0332h\u0332ribi, \u2018Abd al-Qa\u0304dir, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Egypt.<\/p>\n

Mak\u0332h\u0332z~umi, Muh\u0323ammad Pa\u0304sha, k\u0332h\u0332a\u0304t\u0324ira\u0304t Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni al-h\u0323usaini<\/em>, Ba\u0304\u2018i_s al-Nuz\u0324ahat al-Isla\u0304miyah fi\u2018l-Sharq, Bierut, 1931<\/p>\n

Mus\u0323t\u0324afa\u0304 \u2018Abd al-Ra\u0304ziq, Preface to al-\u2018Urvah al-Vu_sqa\u0304,<\/em> Cairo, 1928.<\/p>\n

Al-Najja\u0304r, \u2018Abd al-h\u0323ali\u0304m, Maz\u0332a\u0304hib al-Tafsi\u0304r al-Isla\u0304mi<\/em>, translation of Goldziher\u2019s Die Richtungen der Islamischen Koranauslegung, Egypt, 1374 A.H.\/1955 A.D.<\/p>\n

Qadari Qal\u2018aji, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, 2nd ed., Beirut, 1952.<\/p>\n

Al-Qas\u0323s\u0323a\u0304b, \u2018Abd al-Muh\u0323sin, z\u0332ikr al-Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni fil-\u2018Ira\u0304q<\/em>, Baghdad, 1945.<\/p>\n

Al-Ra\u0304fi\u2018i, \u2018Abd al-Rah\u0323ma\u0304n, \u2018As\u0323r Isma\u0304\u2018i\u0304l<\/em>, vol. 2., Cairo, 1932.<\/p>\n

Ra\u0304if k\u0332h\u0332ouri, al-Fikr al-\u2018Arabi al-h\u0323adi\u0304_s<\/em>, Beirut, 1943.<\/p>\n

Rashi\u0304d Ri|da\u0304, Ta\u2018ri\u0304kh al-Usta_d al-Ima\u0304m al-Shaik\u0332h\u0332 Muh\u0323ammad \u2018Abdu<\/em>h, vol. 1, Cairo, 1931, vol. 11, Cairo 1344 A.H.<\/p>\n

\u2013, Tafsi\u0304r al-Qur\u2018a\u0304n al-h\u0323aki\u0304m,<\/em> vol. 4, 3rd edn., Cairo, 1365 A.H., p. 280; vol. 5, 1st edn., 1328 A.H., p. 177.<\/p>\n

Shakeb Arsala\u0304n, h\u0323a\u0304z\u0324ir al-\u2018a\u0304lam al-Isla\u0304mi<\/em>, vol. 1, Cairo. 1342 A.H.
\nZaida\u0304n, Jurji, Tara\u0304jim Masha\u0304hi\u0304r al-Sharq fi al-Qarn al-Ta\u0304si\u2018<\/em> \u2018Ashr, vol. 11, 3rd edn., Cairo 1932.<\/p>\n

Persian<\/strong><\/p>\n

Furs\u0323at al-Dawleh Shira\u0304zi, Di\u0304va\u0304n-i Furs\u0323at<\/em>, Tehran, 1338 Solar.<\/p>\n

I\u2018tima\u0304d al-Salt\u0324anat, Muh\u0323ammad h\u0323asan k\u0332h\u0332~a\u0304n, Al-Ma\u2018a\u0304_sir v\u2018l-a\u0304_sa\u0304r<\/em>, Tehran, 1306 A.H.\/ 1881-89 A.D.<\/p>\n

Murtaz\u0324a Mudarrisi Caha\u0304rdihi, Zindaga\u0304ni v Falsafah-i Ijtima\u0304\u2018i v Siya\u0304si-ye Syed Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni, 1334 Solar.<\/p>\n

Ara v Mu\u2018taqada\u0304t Seyd Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Tehran, 1337 A. H.<\/p>\n

k\u0332h\u0332a\u0304t\u0324ira\u0304t Syed Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Asada\u0304ba\u0304di, Ma\u2018r~uf beh Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em> (tr. Of Khat\u0324ira\u0304t Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n al-Afgha\u0304ni al-h\u0323usaini, by Muh\u0323ammad Pa\u0304sha\u0304 Mak\u0332h\u0332z~umi), Tabriz, 1328 Solar.<\/p>\n

Na\u0304z\u0324im al-Isla\u0304m Kirma\u0304ni, Ta\u2018ri\u0304k\u0332h\u0332 Beda\u0304ri-ye Ira\u0304niya\u0304n<\/em>, Iran, n.d.<\/p>\n

Shaik\u0332h\u0332 Muh\u0323ammad Mah\u0323alla\u0304ti g\u0332h\u0332arawi, Gufta\u0304r-i k\u0332h\u0332ush-i Ya\u0304r Quli<\/em>, Najaf, 1340 A.H.<\/p>\n

s\u0323ifa\u0304tulla\u0304h Jama\u0304li Asada\u0304ba\u0304di, Isna\u0304d v Mada\u0304rik Ira\u0304ni al-As\u0323l Budan Syed Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Asada\u0304ba\u0304di<\/em>, Tehran, n.d.<\/p>\n

Yah\u0323ya\u0304 Dawlata\u0304ba\u0304di, h\u0323aya\u0304t-i Yah\u0323y<\/em>a\u0304, Tehran, n.d.<\/p>\n

Urdu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abdu al-\u2018Ali, M, h\u0323aya\u0304t Na\u0304s\u0323iruddi\u0304n Sha\u0304h-i Ira\u0304n<\/em>, Delhi, 1897.<\/p>\n

\u2018Abdu al-g\u0332h\u0332affa\u0304r, Qa\u0304z\u0324i Muh\u0323ammad, a\u0304_sa\u0304r-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni,<\/em> Delhi, 1940
\n— –, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni, Delhi, 1932.<\/p>\n

Barni, z\u0324iya\u0304 al-Di\u0304n Ah\u0323mad, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, 1st edn., Delhi, 1924; 2nd edn., Karachi, 1954.<\/p>\n

Nawa\u0304b z\u0332u\u2018l- Qadr Jang Baha\u0304dur, Syed Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Hyderabad, 1940. The article is included in Maqa\u0304m-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni.<\/p>\n

Qa\u0304simi, \u2018Abd al-Qudd~us, Maz\u0324a\u0304mi\u0304n-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Lahore, n.d.<\/p>\n

Qa\u0304z\u0324i Ah\u0323mad Miya\u0304n Ak\u0332h\u0332tar J~una\u0304gar\u0323hi, \u2018Ilm aur Islam<\/em>, translation of the lectures of M. Mismir and Ernest Renan on Islam and Science, from the original French, Azamgarh, 1934.<\/p>\n

Rif\u2018at, Syed Muba\u0304riz al-Di\u0304n, Maqa\u0304la\u0304t-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Urdu translation of Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni\u2019s treatise on the materialists and certain articles of al-\u2018Urvah, Karachi, 1952.<\/p>\n

Maqa\u0304m-i Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, collection of articles on Afgha\u0304ni\u2019s life and mission by distinguished Indian scholars, Karachi, 1948.<\/p>\n

Riz\u0324a\u0304 Hamada\u0304ni, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Lahore, 1956.<\/p>\n

|Zafar \u2018Ali k\u0332h\u0332a\u0304n, Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni<\/em>, Lahore, n.d. This article is included in Maqa\u0304m-i-Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni.<\/p>\n

|Zafar \u2018Umar, Mustaqbil-i Isla\u0304m<\/em>, tr. of the third chapter of, Western Culture in Eastern Lands, by A. Vambery, Agra, 1910.<\/p>\n

English<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abdul Hamid, Khwaja, Ibn Miskawaih, A Study of his Al-Fauz al-Asghar<\/em>, Lahore, 1946.<\/p>\n

Adams, C.C., Islam and Modernism in Egypt<\/em>, London, 1933.<\/p>\n

Ahmad, Aziz, Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment<\/em>, Oxford, 1964.<\/p>\n

Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam<\/em>, London, 1953.<\/p>\n

Amin, \u2018Uthman, Muhammad \u2018Abduh, Washington, 1953.<\/p>\n

Antonious, George, The Arab Awakening<\/em>, London, 1945.<\/p>\n

Baljon, J.M.S., The Reforms and Religious Ideas of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan,<\/em> Leiden, 1949.<\/p>\n

Blunt,Wilfrid Scawen, Secret History of the English Occupation of Egypt, Being Personal<\/em><\/p>\n

Narrative of Events<\/em>, London, 1907.<\/p>\n

— —, India under Ripon<\/em>: A Private Diary, London, 1909.<\/p>\n

— —, Gordon at Khartoum<\/em>, London, 1912.<\/p>\n

— —, My Diaries, Being a Personal Narrative of Events, 1<\/em>888-1890, London, 1932.
\nBrowne, E.G., Materials for the Study of the Ba\u0304bi Religion, Cambridge,1908.<\/p>\n

— —, The Press and Poetry of Modern Persia,<\/em>Cambridge, 1914.<\/p>\n

— —,The Persian Revolution<\/em>, Cambridge, 1910.<\/p>\n

— —,The Persian Constitutional Movement<\/em>, London, 1918.<\/p>\n

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Writings of Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni Books and collections of articles: h\u0323aqi\u0304qat-I Mazhab-i Nicari va Bayan-i Hal-i Nicaryan, (Perssian) First edition \u2013 Hyderabad, 1298\/1881; Later editions \u2013 Bombay, Muh\u0323arram, 1298\/1881; Bombay, z\u0332i\u0304qa\u2018dah, 1298\/1881; Tehran, 1303 Soalr\/1924-25. In Murtaz\u0324a\u0304 Mudarrisi Caha\u0304rdihi, a\u0304ra\u0304 wa Mu\u2018taqada\u0304t-i Sayyid Jama\u0304l al-Di\u0304n Afg\u0332h\u0332a\u0304ni, Tehran, 1337\/1958-59. Translations: Arabic Shaik\u0332h\u0332 Muh\u0323ammad \u2018Abduh, Risa\u0304lah fi Ibt\u0324a\u0304l Maz\u0332hab […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-104","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":106,"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions\/106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anwarmoazzam.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}